STD PROFILE

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) present a significant challenge to public health, encompassing over 25 infections primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Notable among them is HIV. Globally, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over one million people contract an STI daily, highlighting the widespread impact of these infections. The distinction between sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) lies in the terminology, where a “disease” suggests evident medical problems with clear signs and symptoms, while an “infection” may or may not result in noticeable disease. The evolving trend toward using the term “sexually transmitted infection” recognizes the prevalence of asymptomatic cases, emphasizing the potential transmission risks posed by individuals unaware of their infection status. Untreated STIs can lead to severe health complications, encompassing conditions like cervical cancer, liver disease, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, and pregnancy-related issues. Furthermore, certain STIs heighten the risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV, presenting additional challenges for those living with the virus. In the United States, where STI rates are notably high, approximately 20 million new infections are reported annually, with over half occurring among young individuals aged 15-24. This age group, despite constituting a relatively small proportion of the sexually active population, bears a disproportionate burden of STI cases. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) consistently reports an upward trend in the number of cases for nationally reportable STIs, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Addressing the complex landscape of STIs involves not only effective treatment but also comprehensive awareness, prevention, and education initiatives, aligning with Hypro Diagnostics’ commitment to promoting holistic diagnostics and health outcomes.