While employing microscopy for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in pleural fluid, the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is typically achieved in less than 10% of cases. Notably, an exception emerges in individuals with both HIV and tuberculous empyema, where the diagnostic yield exceeds 20% (9). This emphasizes the importance of tailoring tuberculosis detection strategies, taking into account specific patient factors, for enhanced efficacy—particularly in the context of Hypro Diagnostics.
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