HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV – DNA)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a small DNA virus infecting skin and mucosal cells, featuring a circular genome encoding essential proteins for replication and structural components, L1 and L2. Among over 100 genotypes, HPV 16 and 18, considered “high-risk,” are responsible for 70% of cervical cancers and other anogenital and head and neck cancers. In 2002, HPV caused nearly half a million cervical cancer cases and 250,000 deaths, with 80% occurring in developing countries. “Low-risk” genotypes, like HPV 6 and 11, lead to genital warts. HPV is highly transmissible, acquired soon after the onset of sexual activity, making it a widespread infection with significant global health implications.